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Many patients will not develop these side effects, although there is still a significant possibility of risks associated with Antipsychotic usage. The percentage of patients affected by side effects like Tardive dyskinesia is significantly high and estimated to be a 20-50% prevalence. [1] [2]
Tardive dyskinesia, an often irreversible adverse effect that usually results from chronic use antipsychotic medications, especially the high-potency first-generation antipsychotics. It is characterised by slow (hence tardive ), involuntary, repetitive, purposeless muscle movements.
The most frequent side effects, occurring in 20% or more of users, are dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, and weight gain (on average 1.8 kg [60]). [23] Other common side effects are headache problems (amblyopia, blurred vision), tachycardia, increased appetite, tremor, fatigue/asthenia/feeling slowed down, and dyspepsia. [23]
Another gap in the research is in information reporting the health effects for individuals with long-term allergies who take antihistamines for a long period of time. [1] Newer antihistamines have been demonstrated to be effective in treating hives. [1] However, there is no research comparing the relative efficacy of these drugs. [1]
The most common adverse effects noted for second-generation agents include drowsiness, fatigue, headache, nausea and dry mouth. [4] Continuous and/or cumulative use of anticholinergic medications, including first-generation antihistamines, is associated with higher risk for cognitive decline and dementia in older people. [8] [9]
Doxylamine and other first-generation antihistamines are the most widely used sleep medications in the world. [6] Typical side effects of doxylamine (at recommended doses) include dizziness, drowsiness, grogginess, and dry mouth, among others. [7] [4] As an antihistamine, doxylamine is an inverse agonist of the histamine H 1 receptor.
6 Potential Long-Term Effects of Ozempic. You may have heard about — or maybe even experienced — the short-term side effects of Ozempic® — such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea.
Brompheniramine's effects on the cholinergic system may include side-effects such as drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, dry throat, blurred vision, and increased heart rate. It is listed as one of the drugs of highest anticholinergic activity in a study of anticholinergenic burden, including long-term cognitive impairment. [6]