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On the other hand, in the expressions evaluated by #expr and #ifexpr, Boolean operators like and, or, and not interpret the numerical value 0 as false and any other number as true. In terms of output, Boolean operations return 1 for a true value and 0 for false (and these are treated as ordinary numbers by the numerical operators).
where a 1 = 0.0705230784, a 2 = 0.0422820123, a 3 = 0.0092705272, a 4 = 0.0001520143, a 5 = 0.0002765672, a 6 = 0.0000430638 erf x ≈ 1 − ( a 1 t + a 2 t 2 + ⋯ + a 5 t 5 ) e − x 2 , t = 1 1 + p x {\displaystyle \operatorname {erf} x\approx 1-\left(a_{1}t+a_{2}t^{2}+\cdots +a_{5}t^{5}\right)e^{-x^{2}},\quad t={\frac {1}{1+px ...
APL allows setting the index origin to 0 or 1 during runtime programmatically. [9] [10] Some recent languages, such as Lua and Visual Basic, have adopted the same convention for the same reason. Zero is the lowest unsigned integer value, one of the most fundamental types in programming and hardware design.
The best measure is the standard deviation of the difference between the portfolio and index returns. Many portfolios are managed to a benchmark, typically an index. Some portfolios, notably index funds , are expected to replicate, before trading and other costs, the returns of an index exactly, while others ' actively manage ' the portfolio by ...
In C, the number 0 or 0.0 is false, and all other values are treated as true. In JavaScript , the empty string ( "" ), null , undefined , NaN , +0, −0 and false [ 3 ] are sometimes called falsy (of which the complement is truthy ) to distinguish between strictly type-checked and coerced Booleans (see also: JavaScript syntax#Type conversion ...
In computing, the exit status (also exit code or exit value) of a terminated process is an integer number that is made available to its parent process (or caller). In DOS , this may be referred to as an errorlevel .
In computer programming, the return type (or result type) defines and constrains the data type of the value returned from a subroutine or method. [1] In many programming languages (especially statically-typed programming languages such as C , C++ , Java ) the return type must be explicitly specified when declaring a function.
For a (0,2) tensor, [1] twice contracting with the inverse metric tensor and contracting in different indices raises each index: =. Similarly, twice contracting with the metric tensor and contracting in different indices lowers each index: