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A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes. These gametes are similar in morphology ( isogamous ) or dissimilar ( anisogamous or oogamous ). The class Phycomycetes has been abolished and in its place exists Zygomycetes , Chytridiomycetes , Plasmodiophoromycetes , Hyphochytridiomycetes , Trichomycetes (including Harpellales , Asellariales ...
A zygospore is a diploid reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi and protists.Zygospores are created by the nuclear fusion of haploid cells. In fungi, zygospores are formed in zygosporangia after the fusion of specialized budding structures, from mycelia of the same (in homothallic fungi) or different mating types (in heterothallic fungi), and may be chlamydospores. [1]
Heterokont zoospore of Saprolegnia with tinsel and whiplash flagella. A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion in aqueous or moist environments. [1] Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some protists, bacteria, and fungi to propagate themselves.
Sporogenesis is the production of spores in biology.The term is also used to refer to the process of reproduction via spores. Reproductive spores were found to be formed in eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, algae and fungi, during their normal reproductive life cycle.
Known reproduction states of Mucoromycota are zygospore production and asexual reproduction. Zygospores can have decorations on their surface and range up to several millimeters in diameter. [ 13 ] Asexual reproduction typically involves the production of sporangiospores or chlamydospores . [ 3 ]
Sporangiophores arise among distinctive, root-like rhizoids. In sexual reproduction, a dark zygospore is produced at the point where two compatible mycelia fuse. Upon germination, a zygospore produces colonies that are genetically different from either parent. Rhizopus oligosporus is used to make tempeh, a fermented food derived from soybeans.
Although sexual reproduction in fungi varies between phyla, for some fungi the sporangium plays an indirect role in sexual reproduction. For Zygomycota , sexual reproduction occurs when the haploid hyphae from two individuals join to form a zygosporangium in response to unfavorable conditions.
Meiosis usually occurs before zygospore germination and there are a few main types of distinguishable nuclear behavior. Type 1 is when the nuclei fuse quickly, within a few days, resulting in mature zygospore having haploid nuclei. Type 2 is when some nuclei do not pair and degenerate instead, meiosis is delayed until germination.