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Chipseal (also chip seal or chip and seal) is a pavement surface treatment that combines one or more layers of asphalt with one or more layers of fine aggregate. In the United States, chipseals are typically used on rural roads carrying lower traffic volumes, and the process is often referred to as asphaltic surface treatment .
Newly installed chip seal surface on Ellsworth Road in Tomah, Wisconsin. Bituminous surface treatment (BST) or chipseal is used mainly on low-traffic roads, but also as a sealing coat to rejuvenate an asphalt concrete pavement.
The term 'surface course' is sometimes used slightly different, to describe very thin surface layers such as chip seal. In rigid pavements the upper layer is a portland cement concrete slab. In flexible pavements, the upper layer consists of asphalt concrete, that is a construction aggregate with a bituminous binder.
Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]
Maintenance on reflective pavements usually involves a surface coating or seal to compensate for surface wearing or damage over time. [5] Chip seals use pneumatic rollers to embed aggregates into pavement surface; sand and scrub seals inject additives into pavement cracks and roll them in; and microsurfacing involves spraying a high-friction ...
Former U.S. President Richard Nixon visited Beijing in February 1972 at the height of the Cold War, paving the way for the establishment of formal diplomatic ties and China's return to the ...
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