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  2. Accuracy and precision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision

    Accuracy is also used as a statistical measure of how well a binary classification test correctly identifies or excludes a condition. That is, the accuracy is the proportion of correct predictions (both true positives and true negatives) among the total number of cases examined. [10]

  3. Bias (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(statistics)

    In educational measurement, bias is defined as "Systematic errors in test content, test administration, and/or scoring procedures that can cause some test takers to get either lower or higher scores than their true ability would merit." [16] The source of the bias is irrelevant to the trait the test is intended to measure.

  4. Experimental uncertainty analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_uncertainty...

    One reason for exploring these questions is that the experimental design, in the sense of what equipment and procedure is to be used (not the statistical sense; that is addressed later), depends on the relative effect of systematic errors in the measured quantities. If a 5-degree bias in the initial angle would cause an unacceptable change in ...

  5. Sampling bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_bias

    A distinction, albeit not universally accepted, of sampling bias is that it undermines the external validity of a test (the ability of its results to be generalized to the entire population), while selection bias mainly addresses internal validity for differences or similarities found in the sample at hand. In this sense, errors occurring in ...

  6. Selection bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias

    Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed. [1]

  7. The state's 2023 PSSA test results are out. How did students ...

    www.aol.com/states-2023-pssa-test-results...

    Science proficiency increased from 54.4% in 2022 to 58.9%. But scores are still below pre-pandemic levels. Students' scores on standardized tests are improving but aren't yet back to pre-pandemic ...

  8. Science test scores for Kentucky students raise alarms ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/science-test-scores-kentucky...

    After Thursday’s release of 2024 data in Kentucky’s K-12 accountability system, the Commissioner of Education and a district superintendent are raising concerns about students’ science test ...

  9. California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Assessment_of...

    The CMA includes assessments for ELA, mathematics, and science. [3] Eligible students may take either the CST or the CMA in a subject area; for example, a student in grade five may take the CST for ELA and take the CMA for mathematics and science. [3] The CMA was first administered in the spring of 2008 to students in grades three through five. [3]