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Taking L to be the x-axis, the line integral between consecutive vertices (x i,y i) and (x i+1,y i+1) is given by the base times the mean height, namely (x i+1 − x i)(y i + y i+1)/2. The sign of the area is an overall indicator of the direction of traversal, with negative area indicating counterclockwise traversal.
If is the radius of the incircle of the triangle, then the triangle can be broken into three triangles of equal altitude and bases , , and . Their combined area is A = 1 2 a r + 1 2 b r + 1 2 c r = r s , {\displaystyle A={\tfrac {1}{2}}ar+{\tfrac {1}{2}}br+{\tfrac {1}{2}}cr=rs,} where s = 1 2 ( a + b + c ...
The area formula for a triangle can be proven by cutting two copies of the triangle into pieces and rearranging them into a rectangle. In the Euclidean plane, area is defined by comparison with a square of side length , which has area 1. There are several ways to calculate the area of an arbitrary triangle.
A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...
An area formula for spherical triangles analogous to the formula for planar triangles. Given a fixed base , an arc of a great circle on a sphere, and two apex points and on the same side of great circle , Lexell's theorem holds that the surface area of the spherical triangle is equal to that of if and only if lies on the small-circle arc , where and are the points antipodal to and , respectively.
This formula generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle. A triangle may be regarded as a quadrilateral with one side of length zero. From this perspective, as d approaches zero, a cyclic quadrilateral converges into a cyclic triangle (all triangles are cyclic), and Brahmagupta's formula simplifies to Heron's formula.
The area A of any triangle is the product of its inradius (the radius of its inscribed circle) and its semiperimeter: A = r s . {\displaystyle A=rs.} The area of a triangle can also be calculated from its semiperimeter and side lengths a, b, c using Heron's formula :
where is the area (of any shape) on the surface of the sphere and is the radius of the sphere. Solid angles are often used in astronomy , physics , and in particular astrophysics . The solid angle of an object that is very far away is roughly proportional to the ratio of area to squared distance.