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Standard symbol Definition Named after Field of application Coefficient of kinetic friction: mechanics (friction of solid bodies in translational motion) Coefficient of static friction: mechanics (friction of solid bodies at rest) Föppl–von Kármán number
Static friction is friction between two or more solid objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface. The coefficient of static friction, typically denoted as μ s, is usually higher than the coefficient of kinetic friction. Static friction is considered ...
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
The friction drag force, which is a tangential force on the aircraft surface, depends substantially on boundary layer configuration and viscosity. The net friction drag, , is calculated as the downstream projection of the viscous forces evaluated over the body's surface. The sum of friction drag and pressure (form) drag is called viscous drag.
is the frictional force – known as Stokes' drag – acting on the interface between the fluid and the particle (newtons, kg m s −2); μ (some authors use the symbol η) is the dynamic viscosity (Pascal-seconds, kg m −1 s −1); R is the radius of the spherical object (meters);
Other names are sometimes employed for one or both parameters, depending on context. For example, the parameter μ is referred to in fluid dynamics as the dynamic viscosity of a fluid (not expressed in the same units); whereas in the context of elasticity, μ is called the shear modulus, [2]: p.333 and is sometimes denoted by G instead of μ.
Split friction (or μ (mu) - split) is a road condition that occurs when the friction significantly differs between the left and the right wheelpath. [ 1 ] The road may then not be perceived as hazardous when accelerating, cruising or even braking softly.
where: = (), = = (), is the modified Reynolds number, is the packed bed friction factor,; is the pressure drop across the bed,; is the length of the bed (not the column), is the equivalent spherical diameter of the packing,