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A fixed drug eruption is the term for a drug eruption that occurs in the same skin area every time the person is exposed to the drug. Eruptions can occur frequently with a certain drug (for example, with phenytoin [8]), or be very rare (for example, Sweet's syndrome following the administration of colony-stimulating factors [9]).
Fixed drug reactions are common and so named because they recur at the same site with each exposure to a particular medication. [1] Medications inducing fixed drug eruptions are usually those taken intermittently.
The most common cause is certain medications such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamide antibiotics, and nevirapine. [2] Other causes can include infections such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus or the cause may remain unknown. [3] [4] Risk factors include HIV/AIDS and systemic lupus erythematosus. [2]
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
Maculopapular rash (MPR) is a less-well defined and benign form of drug-induced adverse skin reactions; while not classified in the SCARs group, it shares a similar pathophysiology with SCARs and is caused by some of the same drugs which cause SCARs. [2] Adverse drug reactions are major therapeutic problems estimated to afflict up to 20% of ...
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP; also known as pustular drug eruption and toxic pustuloderma) is a rare skin reaction that in 90% of cases is related to medication. AGEP is characterized by sudden skin eruptions that appear on average five days after a medication is started.
Drug eruptions are adverse drug reactions that present with cutaneous manifestations. [58] [59] [60] Acrodynia (calomel disease, erythredemic polyneuropathy, pink disease) Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (pustular drug eruption, toxic pustuloderma) Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis; Adverse reaction to biologic agents
Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) most commonly refers to a drug reaction in the erythema multiforme group. [3]: 129 These are uncommon reactions to medications, with an incidence of 0.4 to 1.2 per million person-years for toxic epidermal necrolysis and 1.2 to 6.0 per million person-years for Stevens–Johnson syndrome.