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A fixed drug eruption is the term for a drug eruption that occurs in the same skin area every time the person is exposed to the drug. Eruptions can occur frequently with a certain drug (for example, with phenytoin [8]), or be very rare (for example, Sweet's syndrome following the administration of colony-stimulating factors [9]).
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP; also known as pustular drug eruption and toxic pustuloderma) is a rare skin reaction that in 90% of cases is related to medication. AGEP is characterized by sudden skin eruptions that appear on average five days after a medication is started.
Fixed drug reactions are common and so named because they recur at the same site with each exposure to a particular medication. [1] Medications inducing fixed drug eruptions are usually those taken intermittently.
They are T cell-initiated delayed hypersensitivity reactions occurring selectively in individuals who may be predisposed to do so because of the genetically-based types of human leukocyte antigens (i.e. HLA) or T-cell receptors they express; the efficiency with which they absorb, distribute to tissues, metabolize, and eliminate a drug or drug ...
Warfarin necrosis is a rare but severe complication of treatment with warfarin or related anticoagulants. [2] The typical patient appears to be an obese, middle aged woman (median age 54 years, male to female ratio 1:3). [1] [3]: 122–3 This drug eruption usually occurs between the third and tenth days of therapy with warfarin derivatives. [1]
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
Treatment typically takes place in hospital such as in a burn unit or intensive care unit. [3] [7] Efforts include stopping the cause, pain medication, and antihistamines. [3] [4] Antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids may also be used. [3] [4] Treatments do not typically change the course of the underlying disease. [3]
Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) most commonly refers to a drug reaction in the erythema multiforme group. [3]: 129 These are uncommon reactions to medications, with an incidence of 0.4 to 1.2 per million person-years for toxic epidermal necrolysis and 1.2 to 6.0 per million person-years for Stevens–Johnson syndrome.