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In organic chemistry, Hückel's rule predicts that a planar ring molecule will have aromatic properties if it has 4n + 2 π-electrons, where n is a non-negative integer. The quantum mechanical basis for its formulation was first worked out by physical chemist Erich Hückel in 1931. [1] [2] The succinct expression as the 4n + 2 rule has been ...
Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed from a single nonaromatic precursor. Typically aromatization is achieved by dehydrogenation of existing cyclic compounds, illustrated by the conversion of cyclohexane into benzene. Aromatization includes the formation of heterocyclic systems. [1]
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
9-Anthracenemethanol is the derivative of anthracene with a hydroxymethyl group (CH 2 OH) attached to the 9-position. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in ordinary organic solvents. The compound can be prepared by hydrogenation of 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde. It is a versatile precursor to supramolecular assemblies. [1]
In contrast to the rarity of Möbius aromatic ground state molecular systems, there are many examples of pericyclic transition states that exhibit Möbius aromaticity. The classification of a pericyclic transition state as either Möbius or Hückel topology determines whether 4N or 4N + 2 electrons are required to make the transition state aromatic or antiaromatic, and therefore, allowed or ...
Homoaromaticity, in organic chemistry, refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp 3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp 3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties ...
K 2 CO 3; Pearlash – formed by baking potash in a kiln. Milk of sulfur (lac sulphuris) – formed by adding an acid to thion hudor (lime sulfur). Natron/soda ash/soda – sodium carbonate. Na 2 CO 3; Nitrum flammans – ammonium nitrate. Sugar of lead – lead(II) acetate, formed by dissolving lead oxide in vinegar.
The methylenedioxy group consists of two oxygen atoms connected to a methylene bridge (-CH 2 - unit). The methylenedioxy group is generally found attached to an aromatic structure such as phenyl where it forms the methylenedioxyphenyl or benzodioxole functional group which is widely found in natural products , including safrole , and drugs and ...