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  2. Voice (phonetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)

    The consonants start out voiced but become voiceless partway through and allow normal aspiration or ejection. They are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ] and [d͡tsʼ, d͡tʃʼ] and a similar series of clicks, Lun Bawang contrasts them with plain voiced and voicelesses like /p, b, b͡p/.

  3. Consonant voicing and devoicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and...

    For example, the English suffix -s is pronounced [s] when it follows a voiceless phoneme (cats), and [z] when it follows a voiced phoneme (dogs). [1] This type of assimilation is called progressive, where the second consonant assimilates to the first; regressive assimilation goes in the opposite direction, as can be seen in have to [hæftə].

  4. Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsolete_and_nonstandard...

    alveolo-palatals or palatals and postalveolar consonants: t͡ɕ l̠ʲ n̠ʲ ɕ ʑ d͡ʑ; t͡ʃ ʎ ɲ ʃ ʒ d͡ʒ: used by Slavicists: x, ɣ: x, Latin gamma: voiceless and voiced uvular fricative (or voiced uvular approximant) χ, ʁ or χ, ʁ̞: broad transcriptions in Hindi, Arabic and Hebrew transcriptions ẋ: x with dot: voiceless uvular ...

  5. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...

  6. IPA consonant chart with audio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio

    The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the ...

  7. Aspirated consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant

    Punjabi has lost voiced aspirated consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/. Other languages such as Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated. However, in all of these languages, aspirated ...

  8. Phonological history of English consonants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    When voiced stops are deleted, the length of the preceding vowel is maintained. Consonants remaining from reduced final clusters may be eligible for deletion. The deletion occurs especially if the final consonant is a nasal or a stop. Final-consonant deletion is much less frequent than the more common final-cluster reduction.

  9. Phonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonation

    The consonants transcribed /b̥/, /d̥/, /ɡ̊/ (ambiguously called "lenis") are partially voiced: The vocal cords are positioned as for voicing, but do not actually vibrate. That is, they are technically voiceless, but without the open glottis usually associated with voiceless stops.