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Metoprolol is a beta blocker, or an antagonist of the β-adrenergic receptors. It is specifically a selective antagonist of the β 1-adrenergic receptor and has no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. [37] Metoprolol exerts its effects by blocking the action of certain neurotransmitters, specifically adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Treat recurrent tachycardia associated with abnormal conduction pathways, such as Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome; II Beta-blockers Atenolol; Bisoprolol; Carvedilol; Esmolol; Metoprolol; Nebivolol; Propranolol; Timolol; Beta blocker Propranolol also has some sodium channel-blocking effect. Decrease mortality in patients with myocardial ...
[14] [15] [16] Bisoprolol, carvedilol, and sustained-release metoprolol are specifically indicated as adjuncts to standard ACE inhibitor and diuretic therapy in congestive heart failure, although at doses typically much lower than those indicated for other conditions. Beta blockers are only indicated in cases of compensated, stable congestive ...
The first-dose reaction can also result in tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension, which is characterised by a feeling of extreme dizziness that gets worse with an upright posture. [1] Intravascular volume reduction, or concomitant use of other antihypertensive drugs can also lead to reflex tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension. [8]
Drugs like amiodarone, diltiazem, verapamil and metoprolol are frequently given before electrical cardioversion to decrease the heart rate, stabilize the patient and increase the chance that cardioversion is successful. There are various classes of agents that are most effective for pharmacological cardioversion.
The general effects of atenolol, including beta-blocking and antihypertensive effects, last for at least 24 hours following oral doses of 50 or 100 mg. [4] With intravenous administration, maximal reduction in exercise-related tachycardia occurs within 5 minutes and following a single 10 mg dose has dissipated within 12 hours. [4]
The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to pheochromocytoma. [5]It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular complications, where one would generally avoid β-blockers (e.g. metoprolol), as they can cause unopposed α-adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction, worsening myocardial ischemia and ...
Tachycardia secondary to peripheral vasodilation and cardiac stimulation (Such tachycardia may be accompanied by palpitations.) [4] Tremor, excessive sweating, anxiety, insomnia, and agitation [5] More severe effects include paradoxical bronchospasm, hypokalemia, and in rare cases a myocardial infarction. [4]