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Matrilineality in Judaism or matrilineal descent in Judaism is the tracing of Jewish descent through the maternal line. Close to all Jewish communities have followed matrilineal descent from at least early Tannaitic (c. 10–70 CE) times through modern times. [108] The origins and date-of-origin of matrilineal descent in Judaism are uncertain.
Orthodox Judaism maintains that the law of matrilineal descent in Judaism dates at least to the time of the covenant at Sinai (c. 1310 BCE). [24] This law was first codified in writing in the Mishna ( c. 2nd century CE ), [ 25 ] and later in the Mishneh Torah (c. 1170–1180 CE) [ 26 ] and Shulchan Aruch (1563 CE), without mention of any ...
Matrilineal Wampanoag: North America: United States: Matrilocal Matrilineal Nipmuc: North America: United States: Matrilineal Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico: North America: United States: Matrilineal Paul Kirchhoff [21] 1954 Keres people: North America: United States: Matrilineal Paul Kirchhoff [21] 1954 Wayuu: South America: Colombia, Venezuela ...
Matriarchy is a social system in which positions of dominance without violence and privilege are held by women. In a broader sense it can also extend to moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. While those definitions apply in general English, definitions specific to anthropology and feminism differ in some respects. [1] [2]
The neighboring indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast were organized in societies where elder sons and their lines of descent had higher status than younger sons and their lines of descent (a "conical clan"), although a rule of patrilineal primogeniture couldn't develop among most of them since they were mostly hunter-gatherers.
According to Barbara Epstein, anthropologists in the 20th century criticized feminist promatriarchal views and said that "the goddess worship or matrilocality that evidently existed in many paleolithic societies was not necessarily associated with matriarchy in the sense of women's power over men. Many societies can be found that exhibit those ...
Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit. Some cultures also employ matrilineal succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters.
The Kalapuya had a patriarchal society consisting of bands or villages, usually led in social and political life by a male leader or group of leaders. [18] The primary leader was generally the man with the greatest wealth. [19] While female leaders did exist, it was more common for a woman to gain status in spiritual leadership.