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The Anisakidae are a family of intestinal nematodes (roundworms). The larvae of these worms can cause anisakiasis when ingested by humans, in raw or insufficiently cooked fish. Anisakidae worms can infect many species of fish, birds, mammals and even reptiles. [1] They have some traits that are common with other parasites.
These can be categorized into three groups; cestodes, nematodes and trematodes. Examples include: Acanthocephala; Ascariasis (roundworms) Cestoda (tapeworms) including: Taenia saginata (human beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (human pork tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm) and Echinococcosis (hydatid tapeworm)
The infection is classified as gastric, intestinal, or ectopic based on the site of the lesion caused by the worm. [3] A diagnosis is made based on an endoscopy of the relevant organs, or a histopathological examination of the affected tissue through surgery if the worm has already penetrated the walls of the organ and is not directly visibly ...
The genus Anisakis was defined in 1845 [2] by Félix Dujardin as a subgenus of the genus Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758.Dujardin did not make explicit the etymology, but stated that the subgenus included the species in which the males have unequal spicules ("mâles ayant des spicules inégaux"); thus, the name Anisakis is based on anis-(Greek prefix for different) and akis (Greek for spine or spicule).
Intestinal parasites produce a variety of symptoms in those affected, most of which manifest themselves in gastrointestinal complications and general weakness. [1] Gastrointestinal conditions include inflammation of the small and/or large intestine , diarrhea / dysentery , abdominal pains , and nausea / vomiting .
Contracaecum larvae can infect humans, the human disease caused by infection of Anisakid nematodes such as Contracaecum is called anisakiasis (or anisakidosis) which is a painful and severe condition with infection usually being caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish which are host to the third stage larvae.
A. lumbricoides is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide. Infestation can cause morbidity by compromising nutritional status, [ 3 ] affecting cognitive processes, [ 4 ] inducing tissue reactions such as granuloma to larval stages, and by causing intestinal obstruction , which can be fatal.
The free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus (sour paste nematode, [2] or beer mat nematode from its occurrence in constantly moist felt beer mats), [1] is known to many aquarium enthusiasts and fish keepers as the microworm. It is a tiny roundworm used as the first food for larger kinds of newly-hatched fish, such as larval common carp. [3]