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Social liberalism [a] is a political philosophy and variety of liberalism that endorses social justice, social services, a mixed economy, and the expansion of civil and political rights, as opposed to classical liberalism which favors limited government and an overall more laissez-faire style of governance. While both are committed to personal ...
Modern liberalism, often referred to simply as liberalism, is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States. It combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy. Modern liberalism is one of two major political ideologies in the United States, with the other being conservatism.
Modern liberalism in the United States originates from the reforms advocated by the progressive movement of the early 20th century. [29] Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal in response to the Great Depression, and the New Deal programs defined social liberalism in the United States, establishing it as a major ideology.
Economically, modern liberalism opposes cuts to the social safety net and supports a role for government in reducing inequality, providing education, ensuring access to healthcare, regulating economic activity and protecting the natural environment. [2] This form of liberalism took shape in the 20th century United States as the franchise and ...
Modern classical liberals oppose the concepts of social democracy and the welfare state. [93] The Bourbon Democrats were a faction of the Democratic Party in the 19th century that aligned with classical liberalism, [94] as does the modern-day Blue Dog Coalition. [95]
New liberalism, however, views society as an entity propelled by both individuals and itself, establishing an interdependent relationship between society and the individual. Thus, it occupies a middle ground between individualism and organicism. New liberalism advocates for the pursuit of the common good alongside individual interests. It ...
Later, the term was applied as a retronym, to distinguish earlier 19th-century liberalism from social liberalism. [47] By modern standards, in the United States, the bare term liberalism often means social liberalism, but in Europe and Australia, the bare term liberalism often means classical liberalism. [48] [49]
T. H. Green, an influential liberal philosopher who established in Prolegomena to Ethics (1884) the first major foundations for what later became known as positive liberty and in a few years, his ideas became the official policy of the Liberal Party in Britain, precipitating the rise of social liberalism and the modern welfare state (from ...