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The tonsils are a set of lymphoid organs facing into the aerodigestive tract, which is known as Waldeyer's tonsillar ring and consists of the adenoid tonsil (or pharyngeal tonsil), two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsils. These organs play an important role in the immune system.
The palatine tonsils are located in the isthmus of the fauces, between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch of the soft palate.. The palatine tonsil is one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites.
The crypts extend through the full thickness of the tonsil reaching almost to its hemicapsule. In healthy tonsils the openings of the crypts are fissure-like, and the walls of the lumina are in apposition. A computerized three-dimensional reconstruction of the palatine tonsil crypt system showed that in the centre of the palatine tonsil are ...
Each tubal tonsil is located posterior to the opening of the Eustachian tube on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx. [1] It is one of the four main tonsil groups forming Waldeyer's tonsillar ring. [2] This ring also includes the palatine tonsils, the lingual tonsils, and the adenoid. [2]
Waldeyer's tonsillar ring (pharyngeal lymphoid ring, Waldeyer's lymphatic ring, or tonsillar ring) is a ringed arrangement of lymphoid organs in the pharynx.Waldeyer's ring surrounds the naso-and oropharynx, with some of its tonsillar tissue located above and some below the soft palate (and to the back of the mouth cavity).
These tonsils contain B and T lymphocytes which get activated when harmful bacteria and viruses come in contact with tonsils. B lymphocytes kill pathogens by producing antibodies against them, while T lymphocytes directly kill them releasing cytotoxic substances or indirectly by stimulating other cells of the immune system. [2] [3] [4]
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The torus tubarius is very close to the tubal tonsil, [1] which is sometimes also referred to as the tonsil of (the) torus tubarius. [2] Two folds run anteriorly and posteriorly to the torus tubarius: the salpingopalatine fold (anteriorly), and the salpingopharyngeal fold (posteriorly).