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Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol 2 H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, 1 H. The deuterium nucleus ( deuteron ) contains one proton and one neutron , whereas the far more common 1 H has no neutrons.
2 O)—but is rarely called heavy water, since it does not contain the excess deuterium that gives D 2 O its unusual nuclear and biological properties. It is more expensive than D 2 O due to the more difficult separation of 17 O and 18 O. [ 10 ] H 2 18 O is also used for production of fluorine-18 in radiopharmaceuticals and radiotracers , and ...
According to the table above, the weight concentration of heavy isotopologues in natural water can reach 2.97 g/kg, which is mostly due to 1 H 2 18 O, i.e. water with light hydrogen and heavy oxygen. Also, there are ~300 mg of deuterium-containing isotopologues per liter of water.
Trehalose is a nonreducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1–1 alpha bond, giving it the name α-D-gluco pyranosyl-(1→1)-α-D-gluco pyranoside. The bonding makes trehalose very resistant to acid hydrolysis , and therefore is stable in solution at high temperatures, even under acidic conditions.
Hanks' salts is a collective group of salts rich in bicarbonate ions, formulated in 1940 by the microbiologist John H. Hanks. [1] Typically, they are used as a buffer system in cell culture media and aid in maintaining the optimum physiological pH (roughly 7.0–7.4) for cellular growth.
Intermediate 2 is treated with the protected mannose triflate (1); the fluoride anion displaces the triflate leaving group in an S N 2 reaction, giving the protected fluorinated deoxyglucose (3). Base hydrolysis removes the acetyl protecting groups, giving the desired product ( 4 ) after removing the cryptand via ion-exchange: [ 9 ] [ 10 ]
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Zenker's fixative is a rapid-acting fixative for animal tissues. It is employed to prepare specimens of animal or vegetable tissues for microscopic study. It provides excellent fixation of nuclear chromatin, connective tissue fibers and some cytoplasmic features, but does not preserve delicate cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria.