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Institutional discrimination is discriminatory treatment of an individual or group of individuals by institutions, through unequal consideration of members of subordinate groups. Societal discrimination is discrimination by society. These unfair and indirect methods of discrimination are often embedded in an institution's policies, procedures ...
Institutional racism "originates in the operation of established and respected forces in the society, and thus receives far less public condemnation than [individual racism]". [3] Institutional racism was defined by Sir William Macpherson in the UK's Lawrence report (1999) as: "The collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate ...
Institutionalized discrimination also exists in institutions aside from the government such as religion, education, and marriage among many other. Routines that encourage the selection of one individual over another, for instance in an employment situation, is a form of institutionalized discrimination. The phenomenon occurs unintentionally at ...
Cutting just as deep are the wounds yielded by institutional racism. In the land of the free and the home of the brave, when you are anything other than White, you often must spend your life ...
Color-blind racism refers to "contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynamics." [5] The types of practices that take place under color blind racism are "subtle, institutional, and apparently nonracial." [5] Those practices are not racially overt in nature such as racism under slavery, segregation, and Jim Crow laws. Instead ...
Structural discrimination is a form of institutional discrimination against individuals of a given protected characteristic, such as race, gender, caste, which has the effect of restricting their opportunities. It may be either intentional or unintentional, and it may involve either public or private institutional policies.
Under this approach, discrimination is defined as acts, practices, or policies that wrongfully impose a relative disadvantage or deprivation on persons based on their membership in a salient social group. [9] This is a comparative definition. An individual need not be actually harmed in order to be discriminated against.
Individual investors usually invest smaller amounts more frequently than institutional investors. For example, they may have money withheld from each paycheck for an employer-sponsored 401(k) plan .