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The Hungarian–Ottoman wars were a series of battles between the Ottoman Empire and the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Following the Byzantine Civil War , the Ottoman capture of Gallipoli , and the decisive Battle of Kosovo , the Ottoman Empire was poised to conquer the entirety of the Balkans .
Ottoman rule on Hungary at its peak in 1683, including Budin, Egri, Kanije, Temesvar, Uyvar, and Varat eyalets. The semi-independent Principality of Transylvania was an Ottoman vassal state for the majority of the 16th and 17th centuries, the short lived Imre Thököly's Principality of Upper Hungary also briefly became an Ottoman vassal state due to an anti-Habsburg Protestant uprising ...
However, the defeat of these and other rebellious vassal states opened up central Europe to Ottoman invasion. The Kingdom of Hungary now bordered the Ottoman Empire and its vassals. After King Louis II of Hungary was killed at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, his widow Queen Mary of Austria fled to her brother the Archduke of Austria, Ferdinand I.
In the major but moderately successful Ottoman campaign of 1552, two armies took the eastern part of central Hungary, pushing the borders of the Ottoman Empire to the second (inner) line of northern végvárs (border castles), which Hungary originally built as defence against an expected second Mongol invasion—hence, afterwards, borders on ...
The troops were withdrawn from Italy after an expected French invasion designed to coordinate with Ottoman efforts failed to materialize. Nonetheless, an Ottoman victory at the naval Battle of Preveza in 1538 gave the Habsburg-led coalition another defeat.
The Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1565–1568 was a conflict between the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire fought mainly on the territory of Hungary and Croatia. During the war, the Turks captured the castle at Szigetvár but the death of Sultan Suleiman I forced them to retreat.
The events of the war are directly related to the civil war in Hungary between Ferdinand I and John Zápolya.After the defeat of the Hungarian army in the Battle of Mohács and the death of King Louis II of Hungary and his childlessness, some of the Hungarian landowners, with the consent of Sultan Suleiman I, chose the Transylvanian voivode Johan Zapolia.
Leading a Ottoman raiding army, Ali Bey Evrenosoğlu, the son of Evrenos, who had faced defeat in the 1432 invasion, marched forward with the voluntary assistance of Vlad II Dracul, the Wallachian voivode disloyal to Hungary. [2] The Ottoman-Wallachian forces crossed the Danube at Szörényvár, advancing through Orșova-Karánsebes and the ...