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A traditional, front-illuminated digital camera is constructed in a fashion similar to the human eye, with a lens at the front and photodetectors at the back. This traditional orientation of the sensor places the active matrix of the digital camera image sensor—a matrix of individual picture elements—on its front surface and simplifies manufacturing.
Sights can be a simple set or system of physical markers that serve as visual references for directly aligning the user's line of sight with the target (such as iron sights on firearms), [3] or optical instruments that provide an optically enhanced—often magnified—target image aligned in the same focus with an aiming point (e.g. telescopic ...
Exmor R is a back-illuminated version of Sony's CMOS image sensor. [5] Exmor R was announced by Sony on 11 June 2008 and was the world's first mass-produced implementation of the back-illuminated sensor technology. [6] [non-primary source needed] Sony claims that Exmor R is approximately twice as sensitive as a normal front illuminated sensor.
The first ACOG model, known as the TA01, was released in 1987. [3] [4] An example was tested on the Stoner 93 in the early 1990s by the Royal Thai Armed Forces. [5]In 1995, United States Special Operations Command selected the 4×32 TA01 as the official scope for the M4 carbine and purchased 12,000 units from Trijicon. [6]
On semi-automatic handguns, the most common type of enhancement is a bright white dot painted on the front sight near the top of the blade, and a dot on each side of the rear sight notch. In low lighting conditions the front sight dot is centered horizontally between the rear sight dots, with the target placed above the middle (front) dot.
The M145 is unusual when compared with other optical sights in use with the United States military in that ballistic compensation is in the mount, rather than in the reticle. The reticle is illuminated by a battery-powered LED with varying intensity settings. The mount fits directly to any MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rail or receiver.
Telescopic sights have both advantages and disadvantages relative to iron sights. Standard doctrine with iron sights is to focus the eye on the front sight and align it with the resulting blur of the target and the rear sight; most shooters have difficulty doing this, as the eye tends to be drawn to the target, blurring both sights.
Digital night vision relies on high sensitivity back-illuminated CMOS image sensors, also sometimes called sCMOS (scientific CMOS). Their sensitivity can exceed the sensitivity of the human eye. [13] These sensors can be head-mounted in night vision goggles and rifle scopes, but are also used in security camera systems, astronomy, and ...