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Lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, fever, burning with urination, pain with sex, irregular menstruation [1] Complications: Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, cancer [2] [3] [4] Causes: Bacteria that spread from the vagina and cervix [5] Risk factors: Gonorrhea, chlamydia [2] Diagnostic method
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. [ 6 ] [ 12 ] Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. [ 2 ] The discharge is usually white or gray in color. [ 2 ]
The vaginal flora consists of those organisms which generally do not cause symptoms and is dominated mainly by Lactobacillus species. [13] Disruption of the normal flora can cause a vaginal yeast infection. Vaginal yeast infection can affect women of all ages and is very common. The yeast Candida albicans is the most common cause of vaginitis ...
[19] [28] Men have a 20% risk of getting the infection from a single act of vaginal intercourse with an infected woman. The risk for men who have sex with men (MSM) is higher. [ 29 ] Insertive MSM may get a penile infection from anal intercourse, while receptive MSM may get anorectal gonorrhea.
In vaginal yeast infection in pregnancy, treatment with topical azole antifungals is recommended for seven days instead of a shorter duration. [72] For vaginal yeast infections, many complementary treatments are proposed, however a number have side effects. [73] No benefit from probiotics has been found for active infections. [18]
Another risk is factors that alter the microenvironment in the vagina and cervix, allowing infecting organisms to proliferate and eventually ascend to the fallopian tube: antibiotic treatment; ovulation; menstruation; sexually transmitted infection (STI) Finally, sexual intercourse may facilitate the spread of disease from the vagina to the ...
Trichomoniasis is associated with an increased risk of transmission and infection of HIV. [9] [10] Trichomoniasis may cause a woman to deliver a low-birth-weight or premature infant. [9] The role of Trichomonas infection in causing cervical cancer is unclear. However, trichomonas infection may be associated with co-infection with high-risk ...
Vaginal hypoplasia is the underdevelopment or incomplete development of the vagina. Vaginal hypoplasia can vary in severity from being smaller than normal to being completely absent. The absence of a vagina is a result of vaginal agenesis. Diagnostically, it may look similar to a vaginal obstruction.