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A surface perpendicular to the [111] crystallographic direction (that is the longest diagonal of a cube) of a pure (i.e., type IIa) diamond has a hardness value of 167 GPa when scratched with a nanodiamond tip, while the nanodiamond sample itself has a value of 310 GPa when tested with another nanodiamond tip.
In May 2009, a 7.03-carat (1.406 g) blue diamond fetched the highest price per carat ever paid for a diamond when it was sold at auction for 10.5 million Swiss francs (6.97 million euros, or US$9.5 million at the time). [61]
The value of a diamond gemstone depends upon colour and quality, as well as weight. As of April 2024 the average price per carat of diamonds of between 1.00 and 1.49 carats was US$4,448. [48] The price of diamonds dropped significantly from a peak in 2022; prices of natural gems in shops dropped by 26% by the beginning of 2025.
The weight of a diamond is one of these variables that determines a diamond’s worth and is what the general public is most familiar with. The unit of measurement, called the carat, equals 200 ...
The investment parameter of diamonds is their high value per unit weight, which makes them easy to store and transport. A high-quality diamond weighing as little as 2 or 3 grams could be worth as much as 100 kilos of gold. This extremely condensed value and portability does bestow diamonds as a form of emergency funding.
In crystallography, the diamond cubic crystal structure is a repeating pattern of 8 atoms that certain materials may adopt as they solidify. While the first known example was diamond , other elements in group 14 also adopt this structure, including α-tin , the semiconductors silicon and germanium , and silicon–germanium alloys in any proportion.
The short B-N (1.57 Å) bond is close to the diamond C-C bond length (1.54 Å), that results in strong covalent bonding between atoms in the same fashion as in diamond. The slight decrease in covalency for B-N bonds compared to C-C bonds reduces the hardness from ~100 GPa for diamond down to 48 GPa in c-BN.
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