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John F. Richards (November 3, 1938 – August 23, 2007) was a historian of South Asia and in particular of the Mughal Empire. He was Professor of History at Duke University in North Carolina, and a recipient in 2007 of the Distinguished Contributions to Asian Studies Award. He participated in and encouraged a multi-disciplinary, multi-regional ...
The Mughal–Safavid war of 1649–1653 was fought between the Mughal and Safavid empires in the territory of modern Afghanistan. While the Mughals were at war with the Janid Uzbeks , the Safavid army captured the fortress city of Kandahar and other strategic cities that controlled the region.
The closest to an official name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari. [28] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "dominion of Hindustan" (Wilāyat-i-Hindustān), [29] "country of Hind" (Bilād-i-Hind), "Sultanate of Al-Hind" (Salṭanat(i) al-Hindīyyah) as observed in the epithet of Emperor Aurangzeb [30] or endonymous identification from ...
The Mughal empire has developed relationships with Europeans such as British, Portuguese, Russia, and France. Mughal relations with the British in the 16th century are quite difficult, as local Mughal officials usually exploited the East India Company, who responded the Mughals harmful policies towards the British interest with harassing the Mughal vessels at the sea. [8]
The arrival of Mughal clans in Kashmir and Punjab can be traced back to the arrival of Babur in current day Pakistan and India, who had sought refuge in India. [7] He was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi to defeat the Lodi Sultanate, it can also be traced back to the reign of Akbar during which a bloody feud erupted between Akbar and his brother Nabeel Muhammad Hakim, the ruler of Kabulistan.
The Delhi Sultanate was replaced by the Mughal Empire in 1526, which was one of the three gunpowder empires. Emperor Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include a large portion of the subcontinent. Under Akbar, who stressed the importance of religious tolerance and winning over the goodwill of the subjects, a multicultural empire came ...
Babur defeats the sultan of Delhi, establishing the Mughal Empire. Agra is the capital. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria is elected the next King of Bohemia and Hungary following the death of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia , ruling the lands which would come to be known as the Habsburg monarchy .
The Battle of Khyber Pass (Persian: نبرد تنگه خیبر) was an engagement fought on 26 November 1738 between the Afsharid Iran of Nader Shah and the Mughal vassal state of Peshawar. The result of the battle was an overwhelming victory for the Persians, opening up the path ahead to invade the crown-lands of the Mughal Empire of Muhammad ...