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The mineral olivine (/ ˈ ɒ l. ɪ ˌ v iː n /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe) 2 Si O 4.It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate.The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface.
Olivine, of which peridot is a type, is a common mineral in mafic and ultramafic rocks, often found in lava and in peridotite xenoliths of the mantle, which lava carries to the surface; however, gem-quality peridot occurs in only a fraction of these settings. Peridots can also be found in meteorites.
Mohs scale of mineral hardness; Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...
This is reflected in the composition of the mafic minerals making up the peridotite. Olivine is the essential mineral found in all peridotites. It is an iron-magnesium orthosilicate with the variable formula (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4. The magnesium-rich olivine of peridotites is typically olive-green in color. [20]
Group-I kimberlites are of CO 2-rich ultramafic potassic igneous rocks dominated by primary forsteritic olivine and carbonate minerals, with a trace-mineral assemblage of magnesian ilmenite, chromium pyrope, almandine-pyrope, chromium diopside (in some cases subcalcic), phlogopite, enstatite and of Ti-poor chromite. Group I kimberlites exhibit ...
Orange forsterite with a portion of tephroite. Pure forsterite is composed of magnesium, oxygen and silicon. The chemical formula is Mg 2 SiO 4.Forsterite, fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4) and tephroite (Mn 2 SiO 4) are the end-members of the olivine solid solution series; other elements such as Ni and Ca substitute for Fe and Mg in olivine, but only in minor proportions in natural occurrences.
Monticellite and kirschsteinite (commonly also spelled kirschteinite [3]) are gray silicate minerals of the olivine group with compositions Ca Mg Si O 4 and CaFeSiO 4, respectively.. Most monticellites have the pure magnesium end-member composition but rare ferroan monticellites and magnesio-kirschsteinite are found with between 30 and 75 mol.% of the iron end memb
Tephroite has a hardness of 6 and a specific gravity of approximately 4.1, which is heavy for non-metallic minerals. Its name comes from the Greek tephros, "ash gray", for its color. [4] It can also be found olive-green, greenish-blue, pink, or brown. Other names for tephroite include mangan olivine and mangan peridot.