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The mineral olivine (/ ˈ ɒ l. ɪ ˌ v iː n /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe) 2 Si O 4.It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate.The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface.
Peridots can also be found in meteorites. Peridots can be differentiated by size and composition. A peridot formed as a result of volcanic activity tends to contain higher concentrations of lithium, nickel and zinc than those found in meteorites. [8] [full citation needed] Olivine is an abundant mineral, but gem-quality peridot is rather rare ...
Dunite is rarely found within continental rocks, but where it is found, it typically occurs at the base of ophiolite sequences where slabs of mantle rock from a subduction zone have been thrust onto continental crust by obduction during continental or island arc collisions . It is also found in alpine peridotite massifs that represent slivers ...
Olivine is the essential mineral found in all peridotites. It is a magnesium orthosilicate containing some iron with the variable formula (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4. The magnesium-rich olivine of peridotites is typically olive-green in color. [20]
Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.
Forsterite is the main olivine endmember most consistently found in samples of the Blue Ridge Ophiolite. [4] Other minerals found in noticeable amounts in the formation are orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and chromite. [4] In rare cases garnets and plagioclase can be found in some samples. [1] Unaltered samples of the Blue Ridge Ophiolite are ...
The Kimberley diamonds were originally found in weathered kimberlite, which was colored yellow by limonite, and so was called "yellow ground". Deeper workings encountered less altered rock, serpentinized kimberlite, which miners call "blue ground". Yellow ground kimberlite is easy to break apart and was the first source of diamonds to be mined.
Peridotite, a type of ultramafic rock. Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).