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Uses of figurative language, or figures of speech, can take multiple forms, such as simile, metaphor, hyperbole, and many others. [12] Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature says that figurative language can be classified in five categories: resemblance or relationship, emphasis or understatement, figures of sound, verbal games, and errors.
Philology (from Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología) ' love of word ') is the study of language in oral and written historical sources.It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology.
For example, a Germanic strong verb (e.g. English sing ↔ sang ↔ sung) is irregular when it is viewed synchronically: the native speaker's brain processes them as learned forms, but the derived forms of regular verbs are processed quite differently, by the application of productive rules (for example, adding -ed to the basic form of a verb ...
In contrast, a diachronic (from δια-"through" and χρόνος "time") approach, as in historical linguistics, considers the development and evolution of a language through history. [1] For example, the study of Middle English—when the subject is temporally limited to a sufficiently homogeneous form—is synchronic focusing on ...
Literary movements are a way to divide literature into categories of similar philosophical, topical, or aesthetic features, as opposed to divisions by genre or period. Like other categorizations, literary movements provide language for comparing and discussing literary works.
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. [1] [2] [3] The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics ...
It can sometimes differ noticeably from the various spoken lects, but the difference between literary and non-literary forms is greater in some languages than in others. If there is a strong divergence between a written form and the spoken vernacular , the language is said to exhibit diglossia .
Contrary to much of traditional linguistics, discourse analysts not only study language use 'beyond the sentence boundary' but also prefer to analyze 'naturally occurring' language use, not invented examples. [1] Text linguistics is a closely related field.