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Many PID loops control a mechanical device (for example, a valve). Mechanical maintenance can be a major cost and wear leads to control degradation in the form of either stiction or backlash in the mechanical response to an input signal. The rate of mechanical wear is mainly a function of how often a device is activated to make a change.
A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID or PID) is a detailed diagram in the process industry which shows process equipment together with the instrumentation and control devices. It is also called as mechanical flow diagram (MFD).
Physical Interface Device, a class of a USB device; PID controller (proportional-integral-derivative controller), a control concept used in automation; Piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID), a diagram in the process industry which shows the piping of the process flow etc. Principal ideal domain, an algebraic structure
The PID controller is probably the most-used feedback control design. If u(t) is the control signal sent to the system, y(t) is the measured output and r(t) is the desired output, and e(t) = r(t) − y(t) is the tracking error, a PID controller has the general form
In the context of PID controller, the setpoint represents the reference or goal for the controlled process variable. It serves as the benchmark against which the actual process variable (PV) is continuously compared.
A control loop is the fundamental building block of control systems in general and industrial control systems in particular. It consists of the process sensor, the controller function, and the final control element (FCE) which controls the process necessary to automatically adjust the value of a measured process variable (PV) to equal the value of a desired set-point (SP).
The operators can view and control any part of the process from their computer screens, whilst retaining a plant overview on the larger screens. A control panel of a hydraulic heat press machine The range of control system implementation is from compact controllers often with dedicated software for a particular machine or device, to distributed ...
Such an element is also called a uniformizing parameter of R (or a uniformizing element, a uniformizer, or a prime element). If we fix a uniformizing parameter t , then M =( t ) is the unique maximal ideal of R , and every other non-zero ideal is a power of M , i.e. has the form ( t k ) for some k ≥0.