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Both bonobos and chimpanzees exhibit physical aggression more than 100 times as often as humans do. [122] Grooming: reinforcement of social links. Although referred to as peaceful, bonobo aggression is not restricted to each other, and humans have also been attacked by bonobos, and suffered serious, albeit non-fatal, injuries. [115]
Bonobos frequently have sex, sometimes to help prevent and resolve conflicts. Different groups of chimpanzees also have different cultural behaviour with preferences for types of tools. [53] The common chimpanzee tends to display greater aggression than does the bonobo. [54] The average captive chimpanzee sleeps 9 hours and 42 minutes per day. [55]
According to the theory, the ancestors of humans were distinguished from other primate species by their greater aggressiveness, and this aggression is the source of humanity's murderous instincts. However, subsequent research has shown that both chimpanzees and bonobos may exhibit aggressive behaviors over 100 times more often than humans. [2]
Reasons given for this include a bonobo female social organization that does not tolerate male aggression, the evolutionary forces of the invisibility of bonobo ovulation (in chimps, ovulation has both olfactory and genital swelling manifestations — this diversity in female reproductive cycles then leads to ferocious male competition for ...
Chimpanzees have been described as highly territorial and will frequently kill other chimpanzees, [98] although Margaret Power wrote in her 1991 book The Egalitarians that the field studies from which the aggressive data came, Gombe and Mahale, used artificial feeding systems that increased aggression in the chimpanzee populations studied.
The outbreak of the war shocked her, [4] as she had previously considered chimpanzees to be, although similar to human beings, "rather 'nicer ' ". [26] Coupled with her 1975 observation of cannibalistic infanticide by a high-ranking female in the community, the Gombe war revealed the "dark side" of chimpanzee behavior. [26]
This behavior is known as the "aunting to death" phenomenon; these non-lactating female primates gain mothering-like experience, yet lack the resources to feed the infant. [1] This behaviour has been seen in captive bonobos, but not wild ones. It is not clear if it is a natural bonobo trait or the result of living in captivity. [2]
Other questions that have been considered in the study of primate aggression, including in humans, is how aggression affects the organization of a group, what costs are incurred by aggression, and why some primates avoid aggressive behavior. [44] For example, bonobo chimpanzee groups are known for low levels of aggression within a partially ...