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An extensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying its extension, that is, every object that falls under the definition of the term in question.. For example, an extensional definition of the term "nation of the world" might be given by listing all of the nations of the world, or by giving some other means of recognizing the members of the corresponding class.
Modal logic can be regarded also as the most simple appearance of such studies: it extends extensional logic just with a few sentential functors: [13] these are intensional, and they are interpreted (in the metarules of semantics) as quantifying over possible worlds. For example, the Necessity operator (the 'box') when applied to a sentence A ...
There are multiple versions of the type theory: Martin-Löf proposed both intensional and extensional variants of the theory and early impredicative versions, shown to be inconsistent by Girard's paradox, gave way to predicative versions. However, all versions keep the core design of constructive logic using dependent types.
A language is intensional if it contains intensional statements, and extensional otherwise. All natural languages are intensional. [4] The only extensional languages are artificially constructed languages used in mathematical logic or for other special purposes and small fragments of natural languages.
See also extensionality, and also intensional definition versus extensional definition; Intensional logic embraces the study of intensional languages: at least one of their functors is intensional. It can be contrasted to extensional logic; Intensional fallacy, committed when one makes an illicit use of Leibniz's law in an argument; See also ...
In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs — for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language — the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its comprehension or intension, which consists very roughly of the ideas, properties, or corresponding signs that are implied ...
In logic, extensionality, or extensional equality, refers to principles that judge objects to be equal if they have the same external properties. It stands in contrast to the concept of intensionality , which is concerned with whether the internal definitions of objects are the same.
The semantics is tailored to the hardest case, as constituted by hyperintensional contexts, and generalized from there to intensional and extensional contexts. The underlying logic is a Frege-style function/argument one, treating functions, rather than relations or sets, as primitive, together with a Church-style logic, centred on the ...