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  2. Atomic ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_ratio

    The atomic ratio is a measure of the ratio of atoms of one kind (i) to another kind (j). A closely related concept is the atomic percent (or at.%), which gives the percentage of one kind of atom relative to the total number of atoms. [1]

  3. Atomic packing factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_packing_factor

    Each corner atom touches the center atom. A line that is drawn from one corner of the cube through the center and to the other corner passes through 4r, where r is the radius of an atom. By geometry, the length of the diagonal is a √ 3. Therefore, the length of each side of the BCC structure can be related to the radius of the atom by

  4. Number density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_density

    For atoms or molecules of a well-defined molar mass M (in kg/mol), the number density can sometimes be expressed in terms of their mass density ρ m (in kg/m 3) as =. Note that the ratio M/N A is the mass of a single atom or molecule in kg.

  5. Mass fraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, the mass fraction of a substance within a mixture is the ratio (alternatively denoted ) of the mass of that substance to the total mass of the mixture. [1] Expressed as a formula, the mass fraction is:

  6. Density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density

    The density of precious metals could conceivably be based on Troy ounces and pounds, a possible cause of confusion. Knowing the volume of the unit cell of a crystalline material and its formula weight (in daltons), the density can be calculated.

  7. Close-packing of equal spheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-packing_of_equal_spheres

    [1] [2] Highest density is known only for 1, 2, 3, 8, and 24 dimensions. [3] Many crystal structures are based on a close-packing of a single kind of atom, or a close-packing of large ions with smaller ions filling the spaces between them. The cubic and hexagonal arrangements are very close to one another in energy, and it may be difficult to ...

  8. Vacancy defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacancy_defect

    where ρ is density, N A the Avogadro constant, and M the molar mass. It is the simplest point defect. In this system, an atom is missing from its regular atomic site. Vacancies are formed during solidification due to vibration of atoms, local rearrangement of atoms, plastic deformation and ionic bombardments.

  9. Mass concentration (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, the mass concentration ρ i (or γ i) is defined as the mass of a constituent m i divided by the volume of the mixture V. [1]= For a pure chemical the mass concentration equals its density (mass divided by volume); thus the mass concentration of a component in a mixture can be called the density of a component in a mixture.