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This eruption, with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 7, ejected 37–45 km 3 (8.9–10.8 cubic miles) of dense-rock equivalent (DRE) material into the atmosphere, [3] and was the most recent confirmed VEI-7 eruption. [4] Although the Mount Tambora eruption reached a violent climax on 10 April 1815, [5] increased steaming and small phreatic ...
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [7] [8] [9] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [10]
The floor of the caldera of Mount Tambora, looking north Tephra layers near the caldera (left) and summit (background) of Mount Tambora. A team led by the Swiss botanist Heinrich Zollinger arrived on Sumbawa in 1847. Zollinger sought to study the area of eruption and its effects on the local ecosystem. He was the first person after the eruption ...
Three great columns of flame rose in the sky over Mount Tambora on April 10, 1815. The long-dormant Indonesian volcano had rumbled to life five days earlier with a thunderous detonation followed.
When Indonesia’s Mount Tambora erupted in 1815, it ejected so much dust and sulfur dioxide so high it reached the stratosphere, cooling global temperatures that year by as much as 2 degrees ...
Eruption Source(s) 71,000 to 250,100+ Mount Tambora: 7 Indonesia: 1815 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, Year Without a Summer: 36,000+ Krakatoa: 6 Indonesia: 1883 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: 30,000 Mount Pelée: 4 Martinique: 1902 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée: 23,000 Nevado del Ruiz: 3 Colombia: 1985 Armero tragedy: 20,000~ (estimated) Santorini ...
A.D. 79: Mount Vesuvius, Italy. Mount Vesuvius has erupted eight times in the last 17,000 years, most recently in 1944, but the big one was in A.D. 17. One of the most violent eruptions in history ...
The only unambiguous VEI-7 eruption to have been directly observed in recorded history was Mount Tambora in 1815 and caused the Year Without a Summer in 1816. The Minoan eruption of Thera in the middle of the second millennium BC may have been VEI-7, but may have been just shy of the 100 cubic kilometers required.