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The pyloric sphincter, surrounding the pyloric orifice is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It acts as a valve , controlling the outflow of gastric contents into the duodenum [ 6 ] and release of chyme .
The pylorus (from Greek 'gatekeeper') connects the stomach to the duodenum at the pyloric sphincter. The cardia is defined as the region following the "z-line" of the gastroesophageal junction, the point at which the epithelium changes from stratified squamous to columnar. Near the cardia is the lower esophageal sphincter. [9]
The pylorus of the stomach has a thickened portion of the inner circular layer: the pyloric sphincter. Alone among the GI tract, the stomach has a third layer of muscular layer. This is the inner oblique layer and helps churn the chyme in the stomach.
In human anatomy, the intestine (bowel or gut; Greek: éntera) is the segment of the gastrointestinal tract extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and as in other mammals, consists of two segments: the small intestine and the large intestine.
Directly opposite the incisura angularis of the lesser curvature the greater curvature presents a dilatation, which is the left extremity of the pyloric part; this dilatation is limited on the right by a slight groove, the sulcus intermedius, which is about 2.5 cm from the pyloric sphincter.
in the anal canal, it forms the internal anal sphincter. In the colon , the fibres of the external longitudinal smooth muscle layer are collected into three longitudinal bands, the teniae coli . The thickest muscularis layer is found in the stomach (triple layered) and thus maximum peristalsis occurs in the stomach.
Pyloric stenosis is the thickening (hypertrophy) of the muscle that forms the pyloric sphincter, obstructing the passage of food. [5] Biliary atresia is a congenital defect where the common bile duct, which connects the small intestine to the liver, is obstructed or absent. [5] Pancreatic disease exist as both congenital and acquired diseases.
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