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Habanera ("music or dance of Havana") is the popular name for "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle" (French pronunciation: [lamuʁ ɛt‿œ̃n‿wazo ʁəbɛl]; "Love is a rebellious bird"), an aria from Georges Bizet's 1875 opéra comique Carmen. It is the entrance aria of the title character, a mezzo-soprano role, in scene 5 of the first act.
Carmen sings the "Habanera", act 1. Bizet, who had never visited Spain, sought out appropriate ethnic material to provide an authentic Spanish flavour to his music. [25] Carmen's habanera is based on an idiomatic song, "El arreglito", by the Spanish composer Sebastián Yradier (1809–65).
Like Carmen's Habanera, it is built on a descending chromatic scale as Escamillo describes his experiences in the bullfighting ring. In the chorus praising the toreador, the music turns celebratory and confident in character. [1] Frasquita, Mercédès, Carmen, Moralès, Zuniga and the chorus join for the repeat of the refrain. [2]
A version with piano accompaniment was published in 1882. [2] [3] It was dedicated to Joseph Hellmesberger. [4] The piece contains an adaptation of the Aragonaise, Habanera, an interlude, Seguidilla, and the Gypsy Dance. Sarasate chose specifically the music with a Spanish character. [1] A performance takes approximately 12 minutes. [4]
Contradanza (also called contradanza criolla, danza, danza criolla, or habanera) is the Spanish and Spanish-American version of the contradanse, which was an internationally popular style of music and dance in the 18th century, derived from the English country dance and adopted at the court of France.
Of Horowitz's many transcriptions, the "Carmen Variations" was the only work to remain in his repertoire throughout his career. He played the Variations from his earliest concerts in the 1920s, when he delighted his audiences with the "show stopping" encore, through to his golden jubilee season in 1978, over 50 years later.