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Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and common household pesticide. It is a complex organic compound and the commercial product is sold as a mixture of isomers . Like most pyrethroids (MoA 3a), [ 1 ] it is highly toxic to fish and invertebrates , but it is far less toxic to humans. [ 2 ]
Cypermethrin is a broad-spectrum insecticide, which means it kills beneficial insects as well as the targeted insects. [14] Fish are particularly susceptible to cypermethrin, [ 15 ] [ 16 ] but when used as directed, application around residential sites poses little risk to aquatic life. [ 17 ]
Raid is the brand name of a line of insecticide products produced by S. C. Johnson & Son, first launched in 1956. The initial active ingredient was allethrin, the first synthetic pyrethroid. [1] Raid derivatives aimed at particular invertebrate species can contain other active agents such as the more toxic cyfluthrin which is also a pyrethroid. [2]
Like other pyrethroids, bifenthrin is chiral; it has different enantiomers which can have different effects. Bifenthrin is found in two enantiomers: 1S-cis-bifenthrin and 1R-cis-bifenthrin. 1S-cis-Bifenthrin is 3-4 times more toxic to humans than 1R-cis-bifenthrin, while the latter is more than 300 times more effective as a pesticide. [2]
Pyrethroids are used as commercial and household insecticides. [1] In household concentrations pyrethroids are generally harmless to humans. [1] However, pyrethroids are toxic to insects such as bees, dragonflies, mayflies, gadflies, and some other invertebrates, including those that constitute the base of aquatic and terrestrial food webs. [2]
The allethrins are a group of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides. They are classified as pyrethroids, i.e. synthetic versions of pyrethrin, a chemical with insecticidal properties found naturally in Chrysanthemum flowers. They were first synthesized in the United States by Milton S. Schechter in 1949. Allethrin was the first ...