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The Iberian example shows how Viking were often traders and raiders, who in the aftermath of raids would use their newfound power to establish trade. [7]: 4-5 The Vikings also sent merchants as far west as Greenland and North America. [8] Trade routes would play an important role in rebuilding the economy of Europe during the Viking Age.
The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks was a medieval trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus' and the Eastern Roman Empire. The route allowed merchants along its length to establish a direct prosperous trade with the Empire, and prompted some of them to settle in the territories of present-day Belarus , Russia and Ukraine .
Viking expansion was the historical movement which led Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, to sail most of the North Atlantic, reaching south as far as North Africa and east as far as Russia, and through the Mediterranean as far as Constantinople and the Middle East, acting as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.
The Varangians (/ v ə ˈ r æ n dʒ i ə n z / və-RAN-jee-ənz; Old Norse: Væringjar; Medieval Greek: Βάραγγοι, romanized: Várangoi; Old East Slavic: варяже, romanized: varyazhe, or варяги, varyagi) [1] [2] were Viking [3] conquerors, traders and settlers, mostly from present-day Sweden, [4] [5] [6] who settled in the territories of present-day Belarus, Russia and ...
Map showing the major Varangian trade routes: the Volga trade route (in red) and the Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks (in purple). Other trade routes of the eighth-eleventh centuries shown in orange. From Aldeigjuborg, the Rus could travel up the Volkhov River to Novgorod, then to Lake Ilmen and further along the Lovat River.
Outside of the realm of discovery and settlement, the knarr ships also would have taken part in trade routes across the Viking world. From the Baltic to the North Atlantic, Viking trade routes were intricate and commonly travelled. In the Baltic, trade was possible all year, in the warm months by boat and in the winter by foot or sled. [8]
Birka was founded around 750 AD as a trading port by a king or merchants trying to control trade. [1] It is one of the earliest urban settlements in Scandinavia. Birka was the Baltic link in the Dnieper Trade Route through Ladoga (Aldeigja) and Novgorod (Holmsgard) to the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate. [4]
The Volga Bulgarian slave trade was one of the major routes of the human trafficking of saqaliba slaves from Europe to the Muslim world from the early 10th century when it replaced the Khazar slave trade. The Viking slave trade in Volga Bulgaria was the subject of a famous description by Ibn Fadlan in the 920s.