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Endorphins (contracted from endogenous morphine) [1] [2] [3] are peptides produced in the brain that block the perception of pain and increase feelings of wellbeing.
β-Endorphin (beta-endorphin) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. [1] It is one of three endorphins that are produced in humans, the others of which include α-endorphin and γ-endorphin .
It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. [1] It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines , including epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and a small amount of dopamine , in response to stimulation by sympathetic ...
Medial area Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies) Posterior nucleus; ... Endorphins; Enkephalins; Dynorphins; Oxytocin; Substance P; Dural meningeal system.
The genital sensory cortex, or what Wise refers to as the “brain crotch,” is a recognized area of the primary sensory cortex that registers sexual stimulation. Interestingly enough, physical ...
One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus—it is located in the brain adjacent to the pituitary gland—is to link the endocrine system to the nervous system via the pituitary gland.) Other organs, such as the kidneys, also have roles within the endocrine system by secreting certain hormones.
Nausea and vomiting are largely determined by activity in the area postrema in the medulla of the brainstem, in a region known as the chemoreceptor trigger zone. [129] This area contains a large population of type D 2 dopamine receptors. [129] Consequently, drugs that activate D 2 receptors have a high potential to cause nausea. [129]
Schematic of the HPA axis (CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone) Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a ...