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Irbesartan, sold under the brand name Aprovel among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. [5] It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. [5] It is taken by mouth. [5] Versions are available as the combination irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Common side effects of valproate include nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and dry mouth. [7] Serious side effects can include liver failure, and regular monitoring of liver function tests is therefore recommended. [7] Other serious risks include pancreatitis and an increased suicide risk. [7]
Angiotensin II, through AT 1 receptor stimulation, is a major stress hormone and, because (ARBs) block these receptors, in addition to their eliciting anti-hypertensive effects, may be considered for the treatment of stress-related disorders. [15] In 2008, they were reported to have a remarkable negative association with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Other side effects of gold-containing drugs include kidney damage, itching rash, and ulcerations of the mouth, tongue, and pharynx. Approximately 35% of patients discontinue the use of gold salts because of these side effects. Kidney function must be monitored continuously while taking gold compounds. [5]
When the kidneys detect low blood pressure, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated and eventually, aldosterone is secreted. Aldosterone binds to aldosterone receptors (mineralocorticoid receptors) increasing sodium reabsorption in an effort to increase blood pressure and improve fluid status in the body.
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) or veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency is a potentially life-threatening condition in which some of the small veins in the liver are obstructed. It is a complication of high-dose chemotherapy given before a bone marrow transplant or excessive exposure to hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids .
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