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British national war bond advertisement. At the beginning of the 20th century the national debt stood at around 30 percent of GDP. [5] However, during World War I the British government was forced to borrow heavily in order to finance the war effort. The national debt increased from £650 million in 1914 to £7.40 billion in 1919.
The national debt increased dramatically during and after the Napoleonic Wars, rising to around 200% of GDP. Over the course of the 19th century the national debt gradually fell, only to see large increases again during World War I and World War II. After the war, the national debt once again slowly fell as a proportion of GDP.
The United Kingdom was already at war with France when the United States declared war in 1812. The war against France took up most of Britain's attention and military resources. The initial British strategy against the United States focused on imposing a naval blockade at sea, and maintaining a defensive stance on land.
The war in Europe against the French Empire under Napoleon ensured that the British did not consider the War of 1812 against the United States as more than a sideshow. [282] Britain's blockade of French trade had worked and the Royal Navy was the world's dominant nautical power (and remained so for another century).
On the very day that the Minister took his formal leave from the United States, 23 June 1812, a new British government headed by Lord Liverpool provisionally repealed the Order in Council. [3] Forty-one days after the United States Congress declared war, the news reached London on 29 July 1812. Two days later, the Ministry ordered its first ...
Therefore, the British invested all the money and energy it could raise into the Napoleonic Wars. French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy. [2] [3] After a relatively quiet pause from 1801 to 1803, war resumed in Europe when the British declared war on France and ended the uneasy peace maintained by the Treaty of Amiens.
The British (red) and French (blue) colonial empires reached their peaks after the First World War, a reflection of the power of their alliance. Following the war, at the Treaty of Versailles the British and French worked closely with the Americans to dominate the main decisions. Both were also keen to protect and expand their empires, in the ...
The Weight of Vengeance: The United States, the British Empire, and the War of 1812. Oxford University Press. pp. . ISBN 978-0-19-539178-7. Burt, Alfred Leroy (1940). The United States, Great Britain and British North America from the Revolution to the Establishment of Peace after the War of 1812. The Relations of Canada and the United States.