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A related measure is the base-2 logarithm of the number of guesses needed to find the password with certainty, which is commonly referred to as the "bits of entropy". [9] A password with 42 bits of entropy would be as strong as a string of 42 bits chosen randomly, for example by a fair coin toss.
A single edit operation may be changing a single symbol of the string into another (cost W C), deleting a symbol (cost W D), or inserting a new symbol (cost W I). [2] If all edit operations have the same unit costs (W C = W D = W I = 1) the problem is the same as computing the Levenshtein distance of two strings.
For a fixed length n, the Hamming distance is a metric on the set of the words of length n (also known as a Hamming space), as it fulfills the conditions of non-negativity, symmetry, the Hamming distance of two words is 0 if and only if the two words are identical, and it satisfies the triangle inequality as well: [2] Indeed, if we fix three words a, b and c, then whenever there is a ...
An efficient algorithm was proposed by Booth (1980). [2] The algorithm uses a modified preprocessing function from the Knuth–Morris–Pratt string search algorithm.The failure function for the string is computed as normal, but the string is rotated during the computation so some indices must be computed more than once as they wrap around.
The Lee distance is named after William Chi Yuan Lee (李始元).It is applied for phase modulation while the Hamming distance is used in case of orthogonal modulation.. The Berlekamp code is an example of code in the Lee metric. [6]
The most widely known string metric is a rudimentary one called the Levenshtein distance (also known as edit distance). [2] It operates between two input strings, returning a number equivalent to the number of substitutions and deletions needed in order to transform one input string into another.
Let R be a Reed-Solomon code of length N = 2 m − 1, rank K and minimum weight N − K + 1. The symbols of R are elements of F = GF(2 m) and the codewords are obtained by taking every polynomial ƒ over F of degree less than K and listing the values of ƒ on the non-zero elements of F in some predetermined order. Let α be a primitive element ...
In software programming, SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make object-oriented designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. ...