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A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. ( January 2011 ) Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics , science , engineering , and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants , special functions , and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
In particular, forests (except for single trees on at most 2 vertices), ladder graphs and cycle graphs have representation number 2. No classification for graphs with representation number 3 is known. However, there are examples of such graphs, e.g. Petersen's graph and prisms. Moreover, the 3-subdivision of any graph is 3-representable.
2. Denotes the additive inverse and is read as minus, the negative of, or the opposite of; for example, –2. 3. Also used in place of \ for denoting the set-theoretic complement; see \ in § Set theory. × (multiplication sign) 1. In elementary arithmetic, denotes multiplication, and is read as times; for example, 3 × 2. 2.
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
Unicode does not include a set of normal serif letters in the set. [a] Still they have found some usage on social media, for example by people who want a stylized user name, [4] and in email spam, in an attempt to bypass filters. All these letter shapes may be manipulated with MathML's attribute mathvariant.
The choosability (or list colorability or list chromatic number) ch(G) of a graph G is the least number k such that G is k-choosable. More generally, for a function f assigning a positive integer f ( v ) to each vertex v , a graph G is f -choosable (or f -list-colorable ) if it has a list coloring no matter how one assigns a list of f ( v ...
For example, 3 is a Mersenne prime as it is a prime number and is expressible as 2 2 − 1. [1] [2] The exponents p corresponding to Mersenne primes must themselves be prime, although the vast majority of primes p do not lead to Mersenne primes—for example, 2 11 − 1 = 2047 = 23 × 89. [3]