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Low-pressure phase diagram of pure iron. BCC is body centered cubic and FCC is face-centered cubic. Iron-carbon eutectic phase diagram, showing various forms of Fe x C y substances. Iron allotropes, showing the differences in structure. The alpha iron (α-Fe) is a body-centered cubic (BCC) and the gamma iron (γ-Fe) is a face-centered cubic (FCC).
Hexaferrum and epsilon iron (ε-Fe) are synonyms for the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase of iron that is stable only at extremely high pressure. A 1964 study at the University of Rochester mixed 99.8% pure α-iron powder with sodium chloride , and pressed a 0.5-mm diameter pellet between the flat faces of two diamond anvils.
Iron-cementite meta-stable diagram. Cast iron's properties are changed by adding various alloying elements, or alloyants. Next to carbon, silicon is the most important alloyant because it forces carbon out of solution. A low percentage of silicon allows carbon to remain in solution, forming iron carbide and producing white cast iron.
Iron-carbon phase diagram, showing the iron-carbon phase diagram (near the lower left). In iron and steel metallurgy, ledeburite is a mixture of 4.3% carbon in iron and is a eutectic mixture of austenite and cementite. Ledeburite is not a type of steel as the carbon level is too high although it may occur as a separate constituent in some high ...
Cast iron is between 2.06 and 6.67%. Black lines indicate the metastable Fe/Fe3Cphase, red is the stable Fe/Carbon phase This diagram is for illustrative purposes only, and is not thermodynamically accurate.
Pearlite occurs at the eutectoid of the iron-carbon phase diagram (near the lower left). Pearlite is a two-phased , lamellar (or layered) structure composed of alternating layers of ferrite (87.5 wt%) and cementite (12.5 wt%) that occurs in some steels and cast irons .
Iron-carbon phase diagram. α-Iron is a fairly soft metal that can dissolve only a small concentration of carbon (no more than 0.021% by mass at 910 °C). [133] Austenite (γ-iron) is similarly soft and metallic but can dissolve considerably more carbon (as much as 2.04% by mass at 1146 °C).
Phase diagram explaining how the pattern forms. First meteoric iron is exclusively composed of taenite. When cooling off it passes a phase boundary where kamacite is exsolved from taenite. Meteoric iron with less than about 6% nickel (hexahedrite) is completely changed to kamacite. Widmanstätten pattern, metallographic polished section