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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
Modalities applied to measurement of ejection fraction is an emerging field of medical mathematics and subsequent computational applications. The first common measurement method is echocardiography, [7] [8] although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [8] [9] cardiac computed tomography, [8] [9] ventriculography and nuclear medicine (gated SPECT and radionuclide angiography) [8] [10 ...
This is especially true for Healthy life expectancy, the definition of which criteria may change over time, even within a country. For example, Canada is a country with a fairly high overall life expectancy at 81.63 years; however, this number decreases to 75.5 years for Indigenous people in the country. [4]
If the assumption is made that, on average, people live a half year on the year of their death, the complete life expectancy at age would be + /, which is denoted by e̊ x, and is the intuitive definition of life expectancy. By definition, life expectancy is an arithmetic mean. It can also be calculated by integrating the survival curve from 0 ...
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood.. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, and bilateral leg swelling. [3]
The widowhood effect is the increase in the probability of a person dying a relatively short time after a long-time spouse has died. It can also be referred to as "dying of a broken heart."
The Healthy Life Years (HLY) indicator, also known as disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) or Sullivan's Index, is a European structural indicator computed by Eurostat. It is one of the summary measures of population health, known as health expectancies, [ 1 ] composite measures of health that combine mortality and morbidity data to represent ...
Sex gap in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy [1]. The male-female health survival paradox, also known as the morbidity-mortality paradox or gender paradox, is the phenomenon in which female humans experience more medical conditions and disability during their lives, but live longer than males.