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Parts 1 and 2 are the basis for part 13 of the SQL standard, SQL Routines and Types Using the Java Programming Language (SQL/JRT). "SQLJ" is commonly used to refer to just SQLJ part 0, usually when it is contrasted with other means of embedding SQL in Java, like JDBC .
For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.
SQL/JRT, or SQL Routines and Types for the Java Programming Language, is an extension to the SQL standard first published as ISO/IEC 9075-13:2002 (part 13 of SQL:1999). SQL/JRT specifies the ability to invoke static Java methods as routines from within SQL applications, commonly referred to as "Java stored procedures ".
Using variables in a numeric context (e.g., addition, subtraction) invokes a well-defined conversion in case the string is not a canonical number, such as "123 Main Street". MUMPS has a large set of string manipulation operators, and its hierarchical variable management system extends to both RAM-based and disk-based variables.
TIMESTAMP: This is a DATE and a TIME put together in one variable (e.g. 2011-05-03 15:51:36.123456). TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE: the same as TIMESTAMP, but including details about the time zone in question. The SQL function EXTRACT can be used for extracting
For example, if a programmer declares a function as returning a timestamp type, this documents the function when the timestamp type can be explicitly declared deeper in the code to be an integer type. Advantages provided by compiler-specified type systems include: Optimization – Static type-checking may provide useful compile-time information ...
Major DBMSs, including SQLite, [5] MySQL, [6] Oracle, [7] IBM Db2, [8] Microsoft SQL Server [9] and PostgreSQL [10] support prepared statements. Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol for efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes.
A basic example is in the argv argument to the main function in C (and C++), which is given in the prototype as char **argv—this is because the variable argv itself is a pointer to an array of strings (an array of arrays), so *argv is a pointer to the 0th string (by convention the name of the program), and **argv is the 0th character of the ...