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Rhizocarpon geographicum (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of fungal hyphae. These patches grow adjacent to each other, leading to the appearance of a map or a patchwork field.
The IAL has established various committees to address specific aspects of lichenology. The Lichen Terminology Committee, for instance, was responsible for developing an IAL-approved definition of a lichen: "A lichen is an association of a fungus and a photosynthetic symbiont resulting in a stable thallus of specific structure". [3]
Parmotrema perforatum, commonly known as the perforated ruffle lichen, [3] is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. [4] The lichen was first formally described as new species in 1787 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. It was transferred to the genus Parmotrema by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860. [5]
A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like lobes, which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each of which is usually covered with a cortex ; some, however, lack a lower cortex.
Chrysothrix candelaris, commonly known as the mustard powder lichen [1] or gold dust lichen, [2] is a species of leprose (powdery) lichen in the family Chrysothricaceae. It typically grows on tree bark , although it has also been recorded growing on rock .
A lichen containing green algae (Chlorophyta) as its primary photobiont. The term serves as a counterpart to "cyanolichen" (lichens with cyanobacterial photobionts) and is preferred over the historically ambiguous term "phycolichen". It refers to the vast majority of eukaryotic lichen photobionts which belong to the division Chlorophyta. [98]