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The IAL has established various committees to address specific aspects of lichenology. The Lichen Terminology Committee, for instance, was responsible for developing an IAL-approved definition of a lichen: "A lichen is an association of a fungus and a photosynthetic symbiont resulting in a stable thallus of specific structure". [3]
With the exception of calicioid lichens, lichen growth forms are based on the appearance of the thallus, which is the vegetative (non-reproductive) part of the lichen. [5] In most species, this form is determined by the lichen's fungal partner, though in a small number, it is instead the alga or cyanobacteria (the lichen's photosynthetic ...
It was in 1869 that Simon Schwendener demonstrated that all lichens were the result of fungal attack on the cells of algal cells and that all these algae also exist free in nature. This researcher was the first to recognise the dual nature of lichens as a result of the capture of the algal component by the fungal component. [ 19 ]
Chrysothrix candelaris, commonly known as the mustard powder lichen [1] or gold dust lichen, [2] is a species of leprose (powdery) lichen in the family Chrysothricaceae. It typically grows on tree bark , although it has also been recorded growing on rock .
Crustose lichens on a wall Growth of crustose lichen on a tree trunk. Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. [1] The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer ...
A lichen can be described as all of the following: Life form – an entity that is alive.; Composite organism – a symbiotic life form composed of multiple partners from different biological domains, families and kingdoms, and from different phyla, classes and divisions within those domains and kingdoms.