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Islam is the most common religion in Sudan and Muslims have dominated national government institutions since independence in 1956. According to UNDP Sudan, the Muslim population is 97%, [ 1 ] including numerous Arab and non-Arab groups.
Islam was Sudan's state religion and Islamic laws were applied from 1983 until 2020 when the country became a secular state. [34] Sudan is a least developed country and among the poorest countries in the world, [37] ranking 170th on the Human Development Index as of 2024 and 185th by nominal GDP per capita.
The dominant religion in Sudan is Islam practiced by around 90.7% of the nation's population. Christianity is the largest minority faith in country accounting for around 5.4% of the population. [2] A substantial population of the adherents of traditional faiths is also present.
Country Studies. Federal Research Division. – Sudan; Spencer Trimingham, History of Islam in West Africa. Oxford University Press, 1962. Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels (eds). The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press, 2000. David Robinson. Muslim Societies in African History. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
The use of Sharia in Sudan ended in September 2020, when Sudan officially became a secular state after Sudan's transitional government agreed to separate religion from the state, ending 30 years of Islamic rule and Islam as the official state religion in the North African nation.
Nimeiri's Islamic phase resulted in renewed conflict in Southern Sudan in 1983, marking the end of the Addis Ababa Agreement of 1972, which had granted regional autonomy and recognised the diverse nature of Sudanese society. The agreement ensured equality regardless of race or religion and allowed for separate personal laws for non-Muslims.
India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries with more than 200 million adherents. [25] The Middle East-North Africa region hosts 23% of the world's Muslims, and Islam is the dominant religion in every country in the region [26] other than Israel. [12]
The 2019 transitional constitution of Sudan guarantees freedom of religion and omits reference to sharia as a source of law, unlike the 2005 constitution of Sudan's deposed president Omar al-Bashir whose government had criminalized apostasy and blasphemy against Islam.