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In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD 50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt 50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...
In toxicology, the lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation. Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the "lethal dose" represents a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die.
Dermal Toxicity: LD 50 for acute dermal toxicity means that dose of the material which, administered by continuous contact for 24 hours with the shaved intact skin (avoiding abrading) of an albino rabbit, causes death within 14 days in half of the animals tested. The number of animals tested must be sufficient to give statistically valid ...
The median lethal dose (LD 50) of a venom is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. A lower LD 50 number indicates increased toxicity. There are four methods in which the LD 50 test is measured: Subcutaneous: Venom is injected into the fatty layer beneath the skin.
The potentially fatal dose is only slightly higher than the dose having any effect at all, and the effects of a fatal dose are so rapid that there is little time for treatment. [5] The median lethal dose (LD 50 ), the exposure required to kill half of a tested population, as estimated for 70 kg human males via exposure to the skin is reported ...
The oral LD50 for humans is 5.7 μg/kg, therefore approximately 0.57 mg of saxitoxin is lethal if ingested and the lethal dose by injection is about one-tenth of that (approximately 0.6 μg/kg). The human inhalation toxicity of aerosolized saxitoxin is estimated to be 5 mg·min/m 3. Saxitoxin can enter the body via open wounds and a lethal dose ...
Direct dose-response relations being a cause for death are yet to be examined. The NOAEL that was derived from rat studies: [ 6 ] The minimal risk level at acute oral exposure to aldrin is 0.002 mg/kg/day.