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In the official history of Sweden, not much is written about the northern parts of the country. Kebnekaise, Sweden's tallest mountain at 2,111 metres (6,926 feet), is located in Lappland in the north of Norrland. Norrland has a highly variable climate depending on altitude, latitude and distance to water.
Historically, Västerbotten was the denomination for northern Sweden, together with the Lappland areas. The Eastern Botten or Ostrobothnia was in the Finnish side. Cultural identification in Sweden is closely related to the historical provinces, and the people in Norrbotten live in this sense in Northern Västerbotten, or Norra Västerbotten.
The four largest municipalities in Sweden by land area are in the county. Sweden's tallest mountain Kebnekaise and deepest lake Hornavan are both within the county. The vast mountains are the source of northern Sweden's vast river systems running through Norrbotten. The northern part of Norrbotten lies within the Arctic Circle.
Lapland, also known by its Swedish name Lappland (Northern Sami: Sápmi, Finnish: Lappi, Meänkieli: Lappi), is a province in northernmost Sweden. It borders the Swedish provinces of Jämtland, Ångermanland, Västerbotten, and Norrbotten, as well as Norway and Finland. Nearly a quarter of Sweden's land area is in Lappland.
Much of Sweden is heavily forested, with 69% [1] of the country being forest and woodland, while farmland constitutes only 8% of land use. [2] Sweden consists of 39,960 km 2 of water area, constituting around 95,700 lakes. [3] [A] The lakes are sometimes used for water power plants, especially the large northern rivers and lakes.
Luleå is Sweden's 25th largest city and Norrbotten County's largest city. Luleå is considered as the world's largest brackish water archipelago with 1,312 islands, several rivers and vast forestland. [5] Luleå has the seventh biggest harbor in Sweden for shipping goods. [6] It has a large steel industry and is a center for extensive research.
Piteå is located at the mouth of the Pite River (Swedish: Piteälven), at the shore of the Bay of Bothnia.The central part is located on an islet called Häggholmen, which due to post-glacial rebound almost has become a part of the mainland; the land in northern Sweden rises at a rate of up to 9 mm (0.35 in) per year.
People lived in the area of today's municipality as early as 10,000 years ago, following the end of the last ice age.For a long time it was only populated by a fishing and hunting people, the Sami people, who have their own language and breed reindeer in northern Sweden, and today have special rights as a Swedish minority group.