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preconceived notions; nonscientific beliefs; conceptual misunderstandings; vernacular misconceptions; factual misconceptions; Preconceived notions are thinking about a concept in only one way. Specially heat, gravity, and energy. Once a person knows how something works it is difficult to imagine it working a different way.
Despite preconceived notions through what they’ve read or had seen about Rodgers in the past, Hughes and Chopra vowed to approach the project “with an open heart and a curious mind.”
The word is often used to refer to preconceived, usually unfavorable, judgments toward people or a person because of gender, political opinion, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language, nationality, or other personal characteristics.
The phenomenon whereby others' expectations of a target person affect the target person's performance. Reactance The urge to do the opposite of what someone wants one to do out of a need to resist a perceived attempt to constrain one's freedom of choice (see also Reverse psychology ).
Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias [a] or congeniality bias [2]) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. [3]
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The notion of cognitive biases was introduced by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in 1972 [12] and grew out of their experience of people's innumeracy, or inability to reason intuitively with the greater orders of magnitude.
As such, the observers, being the teachers who conduct tests and evaluate the results, have a bias and preconceived belief that boys will outperform girls, which impacts on their behaviour. To complement blind or masked protocols and research, further strategies including standardised training for observers and researchers about how to record ...