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  2. Orthogonal defect classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_Defect...

    Orthogonal defect classification (ODC) [1] turns semantic information in the software defect stream into a measurement on the process. [2] The ideas were developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Ram Chillarege [3] at IBM Research. This has led to the development of new analytical methods used for software development and test process ...

  3. Orthogonality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonality

    The line segments AB and CD are orthogonal to each other. In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity.Whereas perpendicular is typically followed by to when relating two lines to one another (e.g., "line A is perpendicular to line B"), [1] orthogonal is commonly used without to (e.g., "orthogonal lines A and B").

  4. Numerical methods for linear least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_methods_for...

    An exception occurs in numerical smoothing and differentiation where an analytical expression is required. If the matrix X T X is well-conditioned and positive definite , implying that it has full rank , the normal equations can be solved directly by using the Cholesky decomposition R T R , where R is an upper triangular matrix , giving:

  5. Gram–Schmidt process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram–Schmidt_process

    The first two steps of the Gram–Schmidt process. In mathematics, particularly linear algebra and numerical analysis, the Gram–Schmidt process or Gram-Schmidt algorithm is a way of finding a set of two or more vectors that are perpendicular to each other.

  6. QR decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_decomposition

    where Q is an orthogonal matrix (its columns are orthogonal unit vectors meaning =) and R is an upper triangular matrix (also called right triangular matrix). If A is invertible , then the factorization is unique if we require the diagonal elements of R to be positive.

  7. Conjugate gradient method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gradient_method

    The conjugate gradient method can be derived from several different perspectives, including specialization of the conjugate direction method for optimization, and variation of the Arnoldi/Lanczos iteration for eigenvalue problems. Despite differences in their approaches, these derivations share a common topic—proving the orthogonality of the ...

  8. Proper orthogonal decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_orthogonal...

    The proper orthogonal decomposition is a numerical method that enables a reduction in the complexity of computer intensive simulations such as computational fluid dynamics and structural analysis (like crash simulations).

  9. Empirical orthogonal functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_orthogonal_functions

    The method of EOF analysis is similar in spirit to harmonic analysis, but harmonic analysis typically uses predetermined orthogonal functions, for example, sine and cosine functions at fixed frequencies. In some cases the two methods may yield essentially the same results.